SclenceDirect
Journals & Bodks
Regisler
Slgn Tn
Searchifor peer-reviewed jourial articles and book chapters (iricluding open access content)
elales
laa nele
ouinaleteate
Aae
Issuta
Paber
helean
Elsevler Journals offenthe latest pect-revfewed rEscarch papers oni
cllmatd
change, blodiversity; rencwable energy and olher topics
addressing out planet's climate cmergency:
Join Ys In
working towards
sustalnablefuttre wlthrouneuitoriall
independent report on creating
Net Zero future
Feedback
How can we assist you?
Gat (HNe Zero (5
need some help
noticed
content error
have other feedback
Explore scientific; technical; and medical research on ScienceDirect
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Life  Scierces
Health Sciences
Social Sciences and Humanities
Physical Sciences and Engineering
chemllal Engirecting 
From foundational science to ew and novel research; discover our large collection of Physical
chemlstry
Scierices and Erigineering publications covering a range of discipliries; from the theoretical to the
Computer Sclerice
applied_
Eaftl andl Planelal SclenEts
Pobulai
Recent Publications
FEEDBACK